What question did this study set out to answer?

The case aims to highlight the occurrence of pulmonary vasculitis in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome.

April 1, 2026Internal Medicine0 citationsOpen Access

Pulmonary Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis Associated with Myelodysplastic Syndrome: A Case Report

RORyota Ozawa MSMidori Sato RIRyuto Ishikawa

Key Points

The case aims to highlight the occurrence of pulmonary vasculitis in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome.
Reported a case of a man in his 50s with MDS presenting with pulmonary symptoms.
Conducted a transbronchial lung biopsy to confirm the diagnosis of leukocytoclastic vasculitis.
Monitored resolution of pulmonary lesions without corticosteroid therapy.
Histopathological analysis confirmed leukocytoclastic vasculitis in pulmonary vessels.
Pulmonary lesions resolved spontaneously, indicating a unique response to the condition.
The case suggests that pulmonary vasculitis may be an overlooked complication in MDS.

Abstract

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is frequently accompanied by systemic inflammatory disorders, including vasculitis. However, histopathologically confirmed pulmonary vasculitis is rare. We herein report the case of a man in his 50s with MDS, who presented with fever, pulmonary infiltrates, and persistent inflammation that was unresponsive to antibiotics. Transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) revealed leukocytoclastic vasculitis of the small pulmonary vessels, thus confirming the diagnosis. The pulmonary lesions resolved spontaneously without corticosteroid therapy. This case suggests that pulmonary vasculitis may contribute to the development of noninfectious pulmonary complications in MDS and that TBLB, despite its limitations, can occasionally provide histopathological confirmation.

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