The RBRL-NINJA3-JA pathway: Activation of rice antiviral defense through viral coat protein (CP) recognition. Upon virus entry into rice cells, facilitated by insect vectors, the viral CP is recognized and bound by the RING-type ubiquitin ligase RBRL, which subsequently activates its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. This activation results in the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of NINJA3, a known inhibitor of the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway. Degradation of NINJA3 alleviates the inhibitor’s repression of the JA signaling pathway, facilitating pathway activation, which leads to the upregulation of genes responsible for JA biosynthesis and the expression of downstream antiviral factors, including AGO18. This mechanism also inhibits viral replication through enhanced RNA interference, ultimately enabling rice plants to mount a robust antiviral defense.
Liu et al. (Sun,) studied this question.
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