The article discusses modern approaches to increasing the efficiency of intumescent fire-retardant coatings due to the introduction of nanoparticles into the composition. An overview of the most popular nanomodifiers is presented - metal oxides (ZnO, TiO₂, Sb₂O₃, ZrO₂, MgAl₂O₄), layered silicates (montmorillonite, sepiolite), carbon nanotubes, functionalized graphene oxide and fulleroid structures (astralens), which are a multi-faceted particle structure of large flat defect-free graphite surfaces connected by edge defective regions. In the course of the study, it was found that the introduction of nanoadditives in small concentrations (within 0.5-3% by weight) has a positive effect on the structure and thermomechanical characteristics of the penococcal layer. This results in an increase in the swelling coefficient, a decrease in the peak heat generation rate and a decrease in the mass loss rate, as well as an increase in adhesion and heat resistance. Nanocomponents have been found to exert catalytic, reinforcing, and barrier effects while promoting the formation of dense, homogeneous, and thermostable coke under thermal stress. Particular attention is paid to nanoparticles that combine various types of materials for hybrid core-shell systems and combined modifications using several nanofillers. The results obtained indicate the prospects for the use of nanotechnology, which make it possible to create highly effective flame retardant compositions with unique physicochemical properties. Their application opens up new opportunities for improving fire safety in various industries and construction, as well as protecting building and technological structures.
Danilova et al. (Mon,) studied this question.