This article examines flood risk as an emergent assemblage rather than a fixed or universally agreed-upon condition. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, the paper traces how flood risk materializes through contingent relations among human actors, hydrological processes, infrastructures, legal categories and competing temporal imaginaries. Rather than treating planners, experts and residents as stable groups with predetermined interpretations, the analysis follows how these provisional formations are continually reconstituted as they align with different visions of urban futures. Planners stabilize a heritage-oriented redevelopment imaginary, while disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM) regimes regard the area as a high-risk zone. Squatter residents assemble the riverbanks as an urban sanctuary through everyday practices and selective downplaying of flood events. Foregrounding these relational processes, the article contributes to a temporally attuned understanding of urban risk, demonstrating that flood risk is not an external technical reality but an emergent effect of heterogeneous relations that shape and are shaped by competing futures-in-the-making.
Upadhyaya et al. (Tue,) studied this question.