Background: In the 2023-24 financial year, a total of 1.1 million new migrants entered Australia, which is the highest in recorded history. Poor English skills and poor education skills lead to a lack of access to economic opportunities which are significant barriers to social inclusion. Furthermore, migrant groups often face systemic discrimination rooted in historical injustices and ongoing prejudice, manifesting in barriers to further education, economic participation and housing. Aim: The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive understanding of migrant social inclusion in Australia, highlighting the interplay between measurable outcomes and individual perceptions. Methodology: A mixed method approach was used for analyzing objective data from Australian Bureau of Statistics in a longitudinal approach and subjective data was obtained from narratives in the Mapping of Social Cohesion 2023 interviews. Findings: The results show that social inclusion outcomes are different for migrants depending on the type of visa, the country they were born in and the length of stay. Skilled migrants who are proficient in English and are from England or India have the most favorable outcomes. Humanitarian migrants are the most disadvantaged as they often lack education and work skills along with poor English skills. Being proficient in English and being active in the community are essential for navigating a new culture, society, economy and social services to achieve a positive outcome. For some migrants, racial discrimination can hinder integration and feelings of acceptance. Conclusion: In Australia, the objective data suggests higher percentages of social inclusion for skilled migrants with proficiency in English and lower percentages for humanitarian migrants especially in housing. On the other hand, the subjective evidence suggests that over time, mutual understanding and respect along with empowerment and community participation are key factors for improving the social inclusion of all migrants.
園部，ニコル (Sat,) studied this question.