In situ whisker reinforced multiphase bioceramic scaffolds with fluorine-activated osteogenesis

Key Points

• The aim is to enhance the mechanical properties and biological performance of bioceramic scaffolds for osteogenesis.
• Utilized one-step solid-state reaction to form in situ whiskers in hydroxyapatite (HAp) ceramics.
• Incorporated fluorine into multiphase ceramics to investigate effects on mechanics and osteogenesis.
• Measured compressive strength and assessed ATP production in activated mitochondria.
• Achieved ∼200% increase in compressive strength with in situ whiskers.
• Fluorine incorporation improved mechanical properties and stimulated osteogenic activity.
• Enhanced ATP production suggests bettercellular energy levels for bone formation.