The effect of different concentrations (0.001–1000 mg/l) of phosphate-free ("LOSK", "Drug") and phosphate ("Savex", "Teo Bebe") detergents widely used in Ukraine on the ecotoxicological characteristics of genetic vicarious alotypes of the horned planarian Planorbarius corneus s. lato - "western" and "eastern" - was studied. The values of the main toxicological indicators (LC0, LC50, LC100), the limits of the latent period, lethal time and mean lethal time, as well as the coefficients of endurance and adaptation for both alotypes were established. It was found that on the scale of toxicity of substances for alotypes P. corneus s. lato used synthetic detergents belong to the categories of weakly toxic ("LOSK", "Drug"), highly toxic ("Teo Bebe") and highly toxic ("Savex") substances, forming the following series in order of decreasing toxicity: "Savex" > "Teo Bebe" > "LOSK" > "Drug". In the experimental mollusks, under the influence of the studied concentrations of toxicants, an irreversible pathological process developed - poisoning, which included five phases: latent, stimulating, depressive, sublethal and lethal. The mortality of individuals of the "eastern" alo species at the same concentrations of detergents used in the experiments was higher compared to the "western" alo species. The obtained values of ecotoxicological indicators indicate different sensitivity of the alo species of vytushok to the effects of the studied toxicants (p≤0.05). The "eastern" alotype turned out to be much more sensitive and less adapted to the action of various SMZ than the "western" alotype. Therefore, both alotypes-vicariants of P. corneus s. lato can be recommended as indicator objects for biomonitoring the level of pollution of natural waters of Ukraine with synthetic detergents.
Yu V Ikonnikova (Thu,) studied this question.