Identifying arterial stenosis is crucial for preventing ischemic disease. Hemodynamic evaluation is helpful for detecting abnormalities before symptom onset. Additionally, hemodynamic assessment enables localization of the specific lesions responsible for ischemic events. Accordingly current clinical guidelines recommend the use of validated imaging modalities, including MRI, Doppler ultrasonography, and angiography. These techniques provide both qualitative flow visualization and quantitative analysis. Key quantitative markers include velocity, flow rate, impedance, and pressure gradients. These parameters enable objective comparison of flow patterns and facilitate sensitive monitoring of disease progression. This review outlines clinically applicable hemodynamic imaging techniques and details their methodologies and diagnostic performance.
Jongmin Lee (Thu,) studied this question.