• Investigated BEV users' home temporal charging preferences on weekdays and weekends. • Identified five segments with varying sensitivities to time, SoC, price, and CO 2 . • Weekend time constraint importance decreased 11.5% with higher price and CO 2 weights. • Real-time pricing reduced peak charging up to 60% with over 100% midday increase. • Findings support demand-side management strategies for sustainable energy systems. Flexible demand-side management utilizing battery electric vehicles (BEVs) is increasingly important for addressing renewable energy intermittency, yet its effectiveness depends on individual users' charging behaviors. While previous studies have examined BEV charging preferences, systematic weekday-weekend temporal comparisons and integrated analyses of temporal, vehicle-specific, economic, and environmental factors remain insufficient, constraining comprehensive charging management strategies. This study aims to investigate BEV users' home charging preferences by time of day on weekdays and weekends through choice-based conjoint analysis, examining four attributes: charging time slots, current state of charge, electricity price, and CO 2 emission intensity. Results revealed five distinct user segments through latent class analysis, each with differentiated charging preference patterns. Weekend charging demonstrated significantly greater temporal flexibility, with time constraint importance decreasing by an average of 11.5% while price and environmental considerations gained prominence. Furthermore, real-time pricing simulations demonstrated peak-hour charging reductions of 40-60% during early evening and 20-40% during winter early mornings, with midday charging increases exceeding 100%, indicating strong renewable energy integration potential. These charging shifts translated into electricity cost and CO 2 emission improvements of up to 13.4% and 12.5% for price-sensitive segments, with weekend improvements consistently exceeding weekday values. These findings suggest that segment-specific and temporally differentiated pricing strategies can effectively balance grid demand while accommodating diverse user preferences. This study advances understanding of heterogeneous BEV charging preferences across temporal contexts, providing critical insights for effective demand-side management strategies that promote sustainable energy consumption while enhancing energy system efficiency and environmental performance.
Jun Osawa (Sun,) studied this question.