From April 8 to May 5, 2025 (Honolulu, Hawai‘i to Honolulu, Hawai‘i), NOAA Ocean Exploration conducted the Beyond the Blue: Papahānaumokuākea ROV and Mapping Expedition (EX2503), an ROV and Mapping expedition in Papahānaumokuākea National Marine Monument. EX2503 mapped 48,219 sq. km of seafloor, (48,215 sq. km in the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone) and conducted 16 remotely operated vehicle (ROV) dives.
Cuellar et al. (Thu,) studied this question.