Autoimmune encephalitis in a Woman with Lung Adenocarcinoma Undergoing Treatment with an Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (Pembrolizumab). What was the Trigger: the Neoplasm or the Treatment?

Key Points

• This case examines whether autoimmune encephalitis was triggered by the neoplasm or pembrolizumab treatment.
• Case report of a woman with lung adenocarcinoma undergoing treatment with pembrolizumab.
• Clinical evaluation included assessment of memory deficits, psychiatric symptoms, and seizures.
• Documentation of neurological symptoms and treatment response.
• The patient developed autoimmune encephalitis after starting pembrolizumab treatment.
• Symptoms included short-term memory loss, psychiatric changes, and seizures, progressing rapidly.
• This case highlights a potential link between immune checkpoint inhibitors and neurological effects.