In this study, CaTiO₃ was synthesized via the polymeric precursor method from titanium isopropoxide and calcium carbonate, yielding a perovskite oxide for use as a glassy carbon (GC) electrode modifier in Pb²⁺ ion analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) proved the synthesis of CaTiO 3 . Cyclic Voltammetry analysis (CV) proved significant enhancement in the anodic peak current and reduced peak-to-peak separation in comparison to unmodified GC electrode when a 0.1 M NaCl solution with 2.5 μM Fe(CN) 6 3-/4- redox couple is used. The Randles-Sevcik equation was used to calculate the effective surface area of the CaTiO3-modified GC electrode, which was nearly twice that of the bare electrode. The sensor exhibited diffusion-controlled electrochemical behaviour. The results highlighted the synergistic effect of the semiconducting properties of CaTiO 3 in improving the interfacial electron exchange and demonstrated its potential as an effective electrode modifier for environmental heavy metal monitoring. The sensing capability of Pb 2+ ions was determined using Linear sweep anodic stripping voltammetry (LSASV), which showed a wide linear response toward Pb 2+ over the investigated concentration range. The calculated LOD and LOQ value of 9.27×10 -12 M of Pb 2+ ion concentration and 3.09×10 -11 M of Pb 2+ ion concentration, respectively, proving excellent sensitivity of the CaTiO 3 -modified electrode for trace Pb 2+ detection.
Ullah et al. (Wed,) studied this question.