This research paper aims to investigate the potential of natural products, specifically capers, which contain flavonoids and have high potential for use as chemical catalysts and bio sorbents in water purification and treating dye residues, such as the removal of Eosin Y dye from aqueous solutions by photolysis. This study demonstrated the activity of the aqueous extract of capers in the photodegradation of pollutants using UV light due to its high flavonoid content. This was confirmed by qualitative detection using FeCl3, NaOH. The results of the study showed that the photocatalytic efficiency reached 93% when 25 ml of the extract was irradiated. The prepared plant fruit powder particles were characterized using Ultra violate visible (UV-vis) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and the adsorption coefficients were studied in the presence and absence of light. The optimum removal of the EY dye concentration between 25 and 100 mg/L was determined using the batch method. Calibration curves were drawn, and the amount of dye adsorbent was calculated. The results showed that when using a concentration of 100 ppm in a volume of 50 ml of dye solution, the optimal time was 60 minutes, and the weight of 0.25 g of powder, the removal percentage was 91.6% with irradiation and 85.6% without irradiation. The optimum dye concentration had a high removal percentage at 100 mg/L with irradiation, 85.6% with irradiation, and 91.6% without irradiation. The Langmuir and Freundlich indexes of the powder were fitted to the adsorption equation. The results showed that the adsorption isotherms were similar to the Freundlich isotherms, but inconsistent with the Langmuir isotherms. When compared to the pH, the removal percentage at (pH=3) with irradiation was 97.6% and without irradiation was 94.2%. Overall, the plant demonstrated its potential as an adsorbent in pollutant treatment systems. The effect of temperature was also studied, and the results showed that adsorption decreased with increasing temperature when using the fruit surface powder with or without light. The study also showed, through the values of the thermodynamic functions, that the adsorption process was spontaneous.
Al-Gatea et al. (Fri,) studied this question.