Integration under Conditions of Ongoing Trauma: Toward a Model of Net Healing Gain

This preprint presents a theoretical model of trauma integration under conditions of ongoing adversity. Contemporary trauma theory commonly assumes that the establishment of inner and outer safety constitutes a necessary prerequisite for psychological healing. However, a number of empirical observations suggest that processes of integration and development may also emerge under conditions of persistent adversity. This paper proposes a theoretical model describing how experiences of trauma and chronic adversity may gradually become integrated through processes of representation, symbolization, and meaning-making, supported by collective integrative practices that foster coherence and regulatory capacity within individuals and communities. Over time, repeated integrative processes may contribute to the formation of what is here termed resilience memory, a culturally and psychologically embedded reservoir of symbolic knowledge, narratives, and practices that shapes how future experiences of adversity are interpreted and integrated. Several empirical phenomena appear consistent with aspects of this framework, including developmental studies of children growing up under war conditions, research on Indigenous cultural continuity and youth suicide, and the immigrant health paradox, which illustrates how the erosion of cultural and social protective structures across generations may lead to declining health outcomes even when material conditions improve. The proposed framework therefore suggests that healing processes may, under certain conditions, continue to develop despite ongoing adversity, and should be understood as a theoretical proposal intended to encourage further empirical investigation into the mechanisms through which integration and development may unfold under such conditions.