The introduced investigation demonstrates an extensive finite element analyzation in order to explore thermal transportation features of engine oil enriched with triadic hybrid Nano-size particles exposed to 3D inclined plate incorporated with non-Fourier thermal conduction combine with thermal radiation influence. The mathematical modeling is established by incorporating thermal relaxation impacts to attain definite thermal wave speed, which are pivotal in high temperature and also in nanoscale thermal systems. For the realistic description radiative thermal flux, non-linear thermal radiation is invoked exposed to high temperature gradients. The acquired coupled comprehensive partial differential equations specified by momentum as well as energy transport are modified into a weak variational structure and numerically solution is obtained by utilization of robust finite element approach. The impacts of key physical constraints, including Nano-scale particle volume fraction, radiation as well as also thermal relaxation constraint and inclination angle across temperature compartment and also thermal transportation rate is discussed in detail. Attained outcomes depicts that the inclusion of triadic hybrid Nano size particles considerably intensifies thermal efficiency in contrast to conventional fluids, whilst non-Fourier features moderate thermal propagation closed to the plate surface. The proffered examination highlights the collective role of Nanoscale synergy and also modified thermal conduction theory in enhancing thermal management particularly of lubricated mechanical systems.
Sohail et al. (Sun,) studied this question.
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