The histological study of the female reproductive system in domestic dogs is essential for understanding reproductive physiology, diagnosing disorders and applying assisted reproduction techniques. The female reproductive system includes the ovaries, uterus and cervix, each with specific structures and functions influenced by the estrous cycle and hormonal changes (Evans Concannon, 2011). The ovaries are paired organs responsible for the production of oocytes and hormones. Ovarian structure includes the surface epithelium, the ovarian cortex containing follicles at various stages of development and the medulla, rich in blood vessels and connective tissue (Johnston et al., 2001; Concannon et al., 2009). After ovulation, the corpus luteum forms, secreting progesterone, which is essential for the maintenance of pregnancy (Hoffmann et al., 2004). The uterus of dogs is composed of the perimetrium, myometrium and endometrium. The endometrium presents branched glands and highly vascularized stromal tissue, with cyclical changes under the influence of ovarian hormones, essential for embryo implantation and pregnancy maintenance (Evans Johnston, 2013). The cervix features transitional epithelium and mucous glands involved in protecting the upper genital tract and facilitating sperm transport, with structural changes correlated with the phases of the estrous cycle and specific hormone levels (Reich Belu et al., 2021).
V. Dănacu (Thu,) studied this question.