Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is an important vegetable with high nutritional and medicinal value. Its reliance on asexual reproduction causes variety degradation and low propagation efficiency, severely limiting the garlic industry. This study established an efficient shoot organogenesis system for the garlic cultivar Gailiangsuan through optimizing tissue culture protocols. Various explants, media, and hormone combinations were tested to determine the optimal conditions for improving in vitro propagation efficiency. The results demonstrated that for garlic inflorescence explants, immature inflorescences protruding 0–5 cm from the leaf sheath or not protruding were the optimal explants, exhibiting the highest shoot number. The Gamborg B5 (B5) medium supplemented with a hormone combination of zeatin (ZT) 2 mg/L + indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) 0.05–0.2 mg/L at the first stage and ZT 0.2 mg/L + IAA 0.05 mg/L at the second stage was the most effective for improving in vitro propagation efficiency. For in vitro stem disc culture, the B5 medium containing 6-benzylaminopurine (6–BA) 2 mg/L + 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) 0.2 mg/L was optimal. Moreover, a sucrose concentration of 7% was identified as optimal for microbulb development, resulting in significantly larger microbulbs than those grown in a medium with 3% sucrose. These results provide a technical basis for large-scale production of high-quality garlic seedlings.
Niu et al. (Sun,) studied this question.