Dual role of interleukin-2 in tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy

Abstract Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy has become a promising immunotherapy for the treatment of solid tumors and has shown substantial therapeutic potential in recent years, offering new options for patients with cancer. Despite its encouraging clinical outcomes, TIL therapy continues to face several research challenges and unresolved issues. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a key cytokine in TIL therapy and plays a critical role by promoting TIL proliferation and enhancing their anti-tumor activity. However, the administration of IL-2 may also lead to a range of adverse effects. This study reviews recent clinical research progress in TIL therapy, with particular emphasis on the dual role of IL-2 in this treatment approach. By examining current clinical trial data and recent research findings, this study evaluates both the beneficial effects and potential risks of IL-2 in TIL therapy and aims to provide guidance for future research and clinical practice.