The Relation Between Quality of Life, Functional Impairment and Nutritional Status in Older People

Background/Objectives: Autonomy and the ability to live independently are priority goals for older adults and are closely linked to healthy aging and quality of life (QoL). However, nutrition, although a crucial and modifiable determinant, remains undervalued. Cardiovascular diseases are highly prevalent in middle-aged and older adults and increase the risk of functional impairment, burdening the economy and limiting the patient’s autonomy. This study aimed to analyse the quality of life in older adults and its relationship with functional impairment and nutritional status. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that included 359 patients with a mean age of 71.52 years who were admitted to the National Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics “Ana Aslan”, between January 2024 and April 2025. Data were collected through interviews, medical records, and standardized instruments, including the Up and Go Test, Tinetti Test, Downton Fall Risk Index, and handgrip strength assessment. Quality of life was assessed using the EQ-5D-5L and the visual analog scale (VAS). Results: Nutritional status assessed using MNA showed significant moderate-to-strong correlations with EQ-5D-5L mobility (r = −0.326, p = 0.007 in the ≥80 years’ group), anxiety/depression (r = −0.544, p < 0.001 in the ≥80 years’ group), self-care (r = −0.271 to −0.311, p < 0.05 in patients over 65), and usual activities (r = −0.294, p = 0.016 in the ≥80 years’ group). In contrast, BMI showed moderate positive correlations with EQ-5D-5L pain/discomfort across all age groups (r = 0.365 to 0.524, p < 0.002). Functional assessment revealed strong negative correlations between EQ-5D-5L mobility and the Tinetti Test (r = −0.583 to −0.728, p < 0.001), with weaker correlations for pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression dimensions. While BMI-EQ-5D-5L pain/discomfort correlations were consistent across age groups, a stronger correlation was observed in the ≥80 years’ group for MNA-EQ-5D-5L anxiety/depression. Conclusions: In this exploratory cross-sectional study, MNA and BMI were associated with different quality of life domains. Lower MNA scores were more frequently associated with anxiety/depression and certain functional domains, particularly in the ≥80 years’ group, whereas higher BMI was more consistently associated with pain/discomfort across age groups.