Two independent recessive genes, bc- 1 and bc-2, in Phaseolus vulgaris confer resistance to the systemic movement of bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV). To identify candidate genes for these loci, homologs of Arabidopsis thaliana PVIP1 and PVIP2, which encode potyviral VPg-interacting proteins, were cloned from P. vulgaris genotypes. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E was also cloned. We identified 2 alleles of PvPVIP1, 12 alleles of PvPVIP2 ( PvPVIP2 1 to PvPVIP2 12 ), 2 previously reported eIF4E 1 and eIF4E 3 alleles, and a novel eIF4E 5 allele. Predicted PvPVIP2 and PveIF4E proteins differed from their wild-type homologs by one to four amino acids and one deletion, distinguishing most resistant ( bc-1 1 ) from susceptible ( BC-1 1 ) cultivars. Resistance to BCMV and/or BCMNV in several genotypes correlated with co-occurrence of mutated eIF4E and PvPVIP2 alleles. An F 2 population segregating for PvPVIP2 2 /PvPVIP2 3 and eIF4E 3 alleles was analyzed for resistance to BCMV-NL1 and BCMNV-NL3 variants. Plants were genotyped using two cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence ( CAPS) markers, PVIP2-HpaII and eIF4E-RsaI, as well as BCMV-resistant markers SW13 and ROC11. F 2 plants homozygous for PveIF4E 3 and PvPVIP2 2 /PvPVIP 3 alleles and positive for the ROC11 marker were resistant to both viruses. In-silico protein–protein interaction studies confirmed PvPVIP2 and BCMV-VPg as biological counterparts. PvPVIP2 gene mapped on linkage group 8, a new position for virus resistance. This study expands understanding of recessive viral resistances in plants by correlating PveIF4E and PvPVIP2 and suggests that CAPS markers could aid in common bean breeding. Formula: see text Copyright © 2026 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Espejel et al. (Fri,) studied this question.