Pei-Yu Chen, 1, Jian-Bo Wei, 1, Shuang-Shuang Guo, 1 Yu-Hao Jiang, 1 Xiao-Fei Li, 1 Luo-Jiao Liang, 1 Yun-Qiu Zhang, 2 Fan-Ke Zeng, 1 Ding-feng Wu, 2 Wei Wang, 2 Liang-Sheng Fan1 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Peopleâs Republic of China; 2Department of Gynecology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, Peopleâs Republic of ChinaThese authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Liang-Sheng Fan, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Peopleâs Republic of China, Email 2012681022@gzhmu. edu. cn Wei Wang, Department of Gynecology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, Peopleâs Republic of China, Email smilewang@tongji. edu. cnBackground: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a polymicrobial infection of the upper female genital tract affecting women globally. The study aimed to assess the global prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) of PID from 1990 to 2021 and analyze influencing factors. Methods: The 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) dataset provided data on the PID statistics of women of childbearing age (15â 49 years), including case counts and age-standardized rates (ASRs). Trends were assessed using estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs), while the relation of regions, nations and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) was examined using local weighted regression (Lowess). To predict the burden, the Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model was devised. Results: The GBD data show PID burden negatively correlated with SDI: the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) and the age-standardized years lived with disability rate (ASYR) were higher in low-SDI regions (eg, sub-Saharan Africa) and lower in high-SDI regions (eg, Western Europe). In 2021, rates were 27. 02 and 3. 68 per 100, 000, respectively. Country disparities are marked (Guinea-Bissau highest). Burden peaks at ages 30â 39. Projections show persistent increases in both rates across childbearing ages through 2050. Conclusion: Through severity-stratified estimations, detailed cause-specific burden analysis, and BAPC projection modeling, this study provides a comprehensive and detailed description of the global burden and epidemiological trends of PID. Despite overall progress, persistent disparities remain notably the disproportionately high burden in low-SDI regions such as sub-Saharan Africa and Eastern Europe. These projections underscore an urgent need for context-specific prevention strategies, including strengthened STI screening and treatment, improved antibiotic access, and community-based sexual health education tailored to local health system capacity. Keywords: pelvic inflammatory disease, global burden of disease, socio-demographic index, age-standardized prevalence rate, age-standardized YLDs rate
Chen et al. (Wed,) studied this question.