interrelated topics: the public procurement system; public-private partnership (PPP) agreements; and growth strategies.Assessing these four works together is helpful due to their complementary nature vis--vis their topical relevance to one another and shared focus on the rule of the JDP.Focusing on the changes in the state procurement system is important for understanding reproduction of capital in Turkey because public tenders constitute not only a major component of state spending but they are also a major vehicle of support for domestic small and medium enterprises (SMEs) (for a historicized definition of SMEs in Turkey, see Topal 2019, 224-226).Due to the legal framework underpinning public tenders, the system prioritizes domestic companies over foreign companies (eviker Grakar 2016, 45, 81-82, 92-93).PPP agreements in the health care sector emerged as essentially an alternative to the public procurement system.PPPs were a defining feature of neoliberalism in the 2000s, not only in Turkey but also in other states, including those in the Middle East (Hanieh 2013, 54-56). 2 The definition of PPP provided by the (now defunct) State Planning Organization is "the sharing of project costs, risks, and revenues of investments and services between the public and private sectors, based on a contract" (Toker 2022, 33).PPPs are accordingly "financing models" whose build-lease-transfer (BLT) structure has been widely employed in the construction of "city hospitals" (Toker 2022, 33).One of PPPs' distinguishing features, not underlined by the State Planning Organization's definition, is the duration of contractstwenty-five years in the case of Turkey's city hospitals (Toker 2022, 38-39, 59-61).While PPP agreements are an alternative to the state procurement system, the extent of the role that international capital plays can be different in each system, as eviker Grakar's and Toker's works show.Akay's book, by contrast, offers a broader critical discussion on the political economy of Turkey that goes beyond an analysis of the public procurement system or PPP agreements.Assessing Akay's book alongside eviker Grakar and Toker's works helps underline the capital owners' (competing) abilities to shape the Turkish state's policies towards reproduction of their capital and elucidate the decision-making process behind whose interests can be prioritized at which historical conjuncture.After a brief summary of these four works, this review article will juxtapose and highlight different authors' approaches to private capital owners, reflecting on their treatments of the differentiation along sectoral lines more broadly and the construction sector more specifically.This review article has a secondary motivation, namely putting academic knowledge production and investigative journalism into conversation with one another.Therefore, it intentionally focuses on works written by two scholars and an award-winning investigative journalist.Esra eviker Grakar has been producing cutting-edge scholarship on the workings of the public procurement system.mit 2 For an example of a comparative study on the transformation of military businesses in Turkey and Egypt, see Abul-Magd et al. (2020).On the Syrian experience between 1986 and 2005, which Haddad dubs "circumscribed liberalisation," see Haddad (2012, 32, 119-152).Prior to the 2011 Syrian uprisings, there were steps taken in this direction regarding PPPs.For example, see the website of the 2009 Public Private
Naz Yücel (Mon,) studied this question.