This paper formulates fundamental temporal laws that describe the general constraints governing the evolution of complex systems, regardless of their physical, biological, or social nature. The ontological foundation of the approach is the concept of an inseparable space/time coupling as a primary structure within which the differentiation of states, their ordering, and transitions between them become possible. The analysis shows that the irreversibility of temporal processes does not require the introduction of an “arrow of time” and arises as a structural consequence of the inclusion relation between the sets of possible states Tbefore and Tₐfter. On this basis, the role of previously introduced temporal attractors and superattractors is clarified. They are interpreted as stable high-dimensional structures of the Tₐfter domain that emerge when a system reaches a certain level of temporal organization. This suggests that such structures do not depend on specific carriers and can be reproduced in systems of different nature. This article is an English version of a work previously published in a Russian academic journal.
Arkady Tchaikovsky (Tue,) studied this question.