This paper presents a comprehensive study of the impact of urbanization on the hydrodynamic and hydrochemical state of groundwater in the Samarkand region, Uzbekistan. The analysis focuses on anthropogenic influences on surface and groundwater systems due to urban expansion. Key findings include identified changes in groundwater flow direction and velocity in intensively developed areas, along with increased pollutant concentrations at specific monitoring points. Spatial correlations are established between rapid urban growth zones and significant alterations in water chemistry. The study determines effective flood protection measures, encompassing both engineering and nature\-based solutions. It establishes the changes in groundwater dynamics and chemistry under heightened anthropogenic pressure and proposes integrated engineering and management strategies to mitigate flooding and pollution risks. Furthermore, it substantiates recommendations for enhanced water resource monitoring and rational land use to promote sustainable territorial development. The work provides a comparative analysis of structural and non\-structural flood control methods for minimizing environmental impact and develops land management approaches aimed at preserving natural ecosystems and protecting water resources.
Tadzhibaeva et al. (Thu,) studied this question.