The increasing rate of criminal activities and the limitations of existing police complaint systems highlight the need for a more transparent, secure, and efficient method for managing complaints and First Information Reports (FIRs). In many cases, complaints remain unreported or are not officially registered due to procedural delays, corruption, or lack of proper documentation systems. Although online portals such as the Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and Systems (CCTNS) have been introduced, they still operate on centralized architectures that may suffer from issues such as single points of failure, limited transparency, and vulnerability to data tampering. To address these challenges, this study proposes a blockchain-based police complaint management system designed to provide secure, decentralized, and tamper-proof storage of complaint records. In the proposed system, complaint details and FIR records are encrypted and stored using the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), while the corresponding hash values are recorded on a blockchain network to ensure immutability and data integrity. The decentralized nature of blockchain technology ensures that complaint records cannot be altered or deleted without network consensus, thereby preventing unauthorized modifications and enhancing system transparency. Additionally, timestamped blockchain entries provide verifiable proof of complaint submission, enabling citizens to demonstrate that their complaint was officially recorded even if authorities deny receiving it. By integrating blockchain with distributed file storage technologies, the proposed system enhances trust between citizens and law enforcement agencies while ensuring secure and transparent management of police complaints. The framework also supports the broader goals of e-governance by improving accountability, data security, and accessibility in public service systems.
Nikhitha et al. (Thu,) studied this question.