Bridging Traditional Knowledge and Modern Pharmacognacy of Stevia Pilosa

Stevia pilosa, a relatively underexplored species of the genus Stevia (Asteraceae), has been traditionally used in folk medicine for its diverse therapeutic properties. While extensive research has been conducted on Stevia rebaudiana, limited scientific attention has been given to S. pilosa, despite its ethnobotanical significance. This review aims to integrate traditional knowledge with modern pharmacogenetic approaches to highlight the medicinal potential of S. pilosa. Indigenous communities have historically utilized this plant for the management of digestive disorders, inflammation, and minor infections, often in the form of infusions and decoctions. Recent phytochemical investigations reveal the presence of bioactive constituents such as diterpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and essential oils, which contribute to its pharmacological activities. Experimental studies suggest that S. pilosa exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and potential antidiabetic properties. Pharmacognostic evaluations, including macroscopic, microscopic, and physicochemical analyses, play a crucial role in the identification, authentication, and standardization of this plant material. Bridging traditional knowledge with scientific validation not only supports the therapeutic claims associated with S. pilosa but also facilitates the discovery of novel bioactive compounds for drug development. However, challenges such as limited clinical studies, lack of standardized formulations, and sustainability concerns remain. Future research should focus on advanced analytical techniques, clinical validation, and conservation strategies to fully harness the medicinal value of S. pilosa.