"This paper introduces the BBIOD Framework, a unified 5D theoretical model designed to resolve the H0 tension and redefine the dark sector. By modeling the 3-brane as an open thermodynamic system, the framework proposes that observable expansion and dark energy are results of Brane-Bulk Influx and Dimensional Occlusion. This work provides a mathematical bridge between M-theory and observed cosmological discrepancies."
Uday Kiran Madas (Wed,) studied this question.
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