This review surveys recent advances in mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) incorporating metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for gas separation. It focuses on how MOF structure, particle size, morphology, surface chemistry, loading, and dispersion influence polymer–filler interfacial compatibility and gas transport behavior. The article discusses strategies to mitigate non-selective voids, pore blockage, and polymer rigidification, including surface functionalization, polymer grafting, and in situ MOF growth. It highlights the progress of MOF-based MMMs in surpassing Robeson upper bounds and outlines key design principles and future research directions for applications such as carbon capture, hydrogen purification, and natural gas upgrading.
Ashtiani et al. (Wed,) studied this question.