What question did this study set out to answer?

The main aim is to review advancements in inorganic catalysts for CO2 cycloaddition to produce cyclic carbonates.

April 19, 2026

Recent advances in inorganic catalysts for CO 2 cycloaddition reactions: catalysts, engineering strategies and mechanism

Key Points

The main aim is to review advancements in inorganic catalysts for CO2 cycloaddition to produce cyclic carbonates.
Reviewed various inorganic catalysts including metal oxides and boron-based materials.
Highlighted engineering strategies like heteroatom doping and defect engineering.
Explored activation pathways and mechanistic insights.
Identified key engineering strategies that enhance catalytic performance.
Discussed remaining challenges in developing effective co-catalyst-free systems.
Outlined future research directions toward greener media and scalable synthesis.

Abstract

The catalytic cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates represents a cornerstone of CO2 utilization within the green chemistry paradigm. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in the application of inorganic catalysts, including metal oxides, boron-based materials, and graphitic carbon nitride, with elaborated mechanistic insights into their unique activation pathways. Key material engineering strategies such as heteroatom doping, defect engineering, and crystal facet tuning are highlighted for their role in enhancing catalytic performance. Despite progress, significant challenges remain, particularly in developing co-catalyst-free systems that operate under mild conditions. This review critically discusses these challenges and outlines future research directions, emphasizing the rational design of intrinsic bifunctional catalysts, the adoption of greener reaction media, and the development of scalable synthesis methods to bridge the gap between laboratory innovation and industrial application.

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