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April 19, 2026Results in Engineering8 citationsOpen Access

Numerical Simulation of Boundary Value Radiative Tri-hybrid Nanofluid Flow Subject to Exponential Heat Source/Sink Past a Porous Stretching Surface

MAMunawar Alam MBMuhammad Bilal HAHijaz Ahmad

Key Points

The research aims to analyze heat and mass transfer characteristics of a ternary nanofluid over a porous stretching surface.
Utilized the MATLAB bvp4c solver to solve governing nonlinear PDEs.
Examined the effects of mixed convection, thermal radiation, and magnetic field on fluid flow.
Transformed governing equations into a non-dimensional system of ODEs using similarity variables.
Inclusion of ternary nanoparticles reduced fluid temperature, enhancing cooling efficiency.
Energy transfer rate decreases by 20.4049% to 32.4766% with varying exponential heat source/sink factors.
Transfer rates can increase up to 52.7911% with changes in heat radiation and Dufour number.

Abstract

• Investigates the heat and mass transfer characteristics of a ternary nanofluid. • Analyzes the flow over a porous stretching spinning sheet, considering the combined effects of mixed convection, MHD, thermal radiation, and an exponential heat source/sink. • Employs the MATLAB bvp4c solver to transform and solve the governing nonlinear PDEs. • Demonstrates that the inclusion of ternary nanoparticles leads to a reduction in fluid temperature, suggesting enhanced cooling efficiency. The energy and mass transference through ternary nanofluid (TNF) over a stretching spinning sheet is estimated in the present study. The TNF has been prepared by the distribution of magnesium oxide (MgO), titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), and cobalt ferrite (CoFe 2 O 4 ) nanoparticles (NPs) in water. The study of the TNF over a rotating stretching sheet can be directly used in optimizing the performance of solar thermal collector, high-power electronics cooling, and aerospace heat shields. Such flow has a vital role in the optimization of lubrication processes and nuclear reactor cooling in which high thermal conductivity and centrifugal flow manipulation is needed. The TNF flow has been calculated under the consequence of mixed convection, thermal radiation, constant and exponential heat source/sink, magnetic field, and porous medium. The flow scenario is mathematically stated in the form of a nonlinear system of PDEs (partial differential equations). The set of PDEs is transfigured into the non-dimensional system of ODEs (ordinary differential equations), by means of the similarity variables. The results are obtained through the bvp4c code (Matlab built-in package). The percent error between present and published study at Pr =5.0 is 0.0034541%, which ensure the accuracy of the proposed model and applied methodology. The energy transfer rate drops by up to 20.4049%, 25.5465% and 32.4766% by varying the exponential heat source/sink factor from -1.0 t0 1.0 in case of nano, hybrid and ternary nanofluid respectively. The transfer rate enhances up to 52.7911% and 51.2236% by varying heat radiation and Dufour number from 1.0 to 3.0 and 1.5 to 3.5 in case of THNF, respectively.

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