An In-doping Lewis base strategy stabilizes the lattice oxygen mechanism in RuO 2 . By tuning interfacial water and oxygen vacancies, In-RuO 2 yields 194 mV @ 10 mA cm −2 for acidic OER and >1000 h stability @ 1 A cm −2 in PEM electrolyzers.
Hu et al. (Thu,) studied this question.