In this study, it was aimed to determine the characterization properties of Nickel Oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) obtained by green synthesis method using gum Kenger along with their antimicrobial, antibiofilm and anticancer potentials. The morphological and crystalline properties related to the characterization of the obtained NiO NPs were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) methods. Thermal properties of the NPs were analyzed by Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA, Differential thermal analysis) (DTA) and Derivative Thermogravimetry (DTG). Antimicrobial, antibiofilm tests were performed to evaluate the biological activities of NiO NPs. The anticancer activity of NPs was determined in human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) by cell viability (MTT assay), caspase-3 (Caspase-3/CPP32 Fluorometric Assay), apoptosis/necrosis and cell cycle (Flow cytometry assay) analyses. The crystal structure of the synthesized nanoparticles was confirmed in XRD analysis. FE-SEM analysis revealed that the particle size distribution of NiO NPs predominantly ranged from 20 to 50 nm.When evaluated in terms of biological activities, the obtained NiO NPs were found to be effective against multidrug-resistant bacteria, which have increased in recent years. It exhibited strong antimicrobial activity especially against clinically important strains such as E. coli, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii and S. aureus. In cytotoxicity assays carried out on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line, NiO NPs decreased cell viability dose-dependently and the IC50 value was calculated as 23.26 ± 0.59 µg/mL. Cell cycle assays showed that NiO NPs arrested cells in G0/G1 phase and accordingly suppressed cell proliferation. No significant change was detected in caspase-3 activity, which is an apoptosis marker. However, in apoptosis/necrosis assay, a dose-dependent increase was observed, especially in the rate of necrotic cells. These findings indicate that green synthesized NiO NPs, with their structural properties, may be among the biological agents with strong antimicrobial, antibiofilm and anticancer potential.
Çiçek et al. (Mon,) studied this question.