The incidence and prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end stage renal disease (ESRD) are on the rise causing significant health issues associated with hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and kidney transplantation. Moreover, all CKD patients have dramatically higher risk than the general population of developing kidney tumors with 5% incidence of renal cell carcinoma. This review highlights the spectrum of precursor lesions, most common benign and malignant neoplasia in patients with CKD and ESRD, focusing on pathogenesis, morphologic and immunophenotypic findings.
Ticas et al. (Wed,) studied this question.