Background: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) for the late sequelae of childhood septic hip arthritis is technically demanding, and infection-related risk remains incompletely defined. This systematic review and meta-analysis address the research question: “In adults undergoing THA after childhood septic arthritis of the hip, what is the incidence of post-THA infection, revision, and mechanical/neurologic complications?” We systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed outcomes after THA in patients with septic hip arthritis diagnosed at ≤18 years. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to 31 December 2025 (PRISMA). Eligible studies reported THA outcomes after childhood septic arthritis and met a Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) threshold (≥9). A random-effects meta-analysis of events per hip was performed. Results: Nine studies were included; eight contributed to the quantitative synthesis (343 hips). The pooled incidence of any post-THA infection was 1.55% (95% CI 0.38–3.48; I2 = 23.8%; 5/343); when microbiology was available, no relapse due to the index organism was reported and events were classified as new infections. The pooled incidence of revision for any cause was 4.99% (95% CI 2.27–8.70; I2 = 43.4%; 15/334). Non-infectious complications were clinically relevant, including intraoperative fracture (6.95%) and nerve palsy (4.84%). Evidence was limited by retrospective designs and heterogeneous reporting. Conclusions: THA after childhood septic hip arthritis demonstrates a low risk of postoperative infection, with relapse of the original pathogen appearing rare in carefully selected quiescent cases, but a clinically meaningful burden of mechanical and neurologic complications. These findings underscore the importance of careful preoperative assessment, meticulous surgical technique, and highlight the limitations of the current evidence. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD420261298181). No external funding was received.
Ilardo et al. (Sat,) studied this question.