A Qualitative Analysis of Challenges Encountered in the Management of Neonatal Jaundice Among Health Workers in Selected Health Facilities in Ondo State

Background: Neonatal jaundice (NNJ) is a common condition in the newborn period and remains a significant cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in many low-and-middle-income countries, including Nigeria. Healthcare workers' capacity to provide evidence-based care is often constrained by systemic, infrastructural, and sociocultural challenges. This study explored the challenges encountered by healthcare workers in the management of neonatal jaundice among preterm and high-risk term neonates in selected tertiary health facilities in Ondo State, Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional qualitative design was employed between April and May 2025. Key informant interviews (KIIs) were conducted among doctors and nurses working in the neonatal units of three selected tertiary healthcare facilities. Eighteen participants (six from each facility) were purposively selected. Data were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using thematic content analysis with the aid of NVivo version 11 software. Results: The majority of participants were male (10/18). Several barriers to optimal management of neonatal jaundice were identified, including caregivers’ impatience and non-compliance with treatment, frequent power outages affecting diagnosis and phototherapy delivery, limited availability of functional equipment, financial constraints, and sociocultural and religious beliefs influencing healthcare-seeking behaviour. Conclusion: Neonatal jaundice remains a major clinical and public health challenge in Nigeria. Systemic, infrastructural, and sociocultural barriers significantly hinder effective care. Strengthening neonatal services through improved infrastructure, consistent power supply, provision of appropriate diagnostic and treatment equipment, workforce training, and expanded health insurance coverage is essential to improve neonatal outcomes.