Summary Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects millions of people globally. Over the years, diabetes has emerged as a significant global health concern, with steadily increasing prevalence. This review explores the various aspects of DM and delves into the evolving field of new emerging treatments and diabetes vaccines, highlighting the potential they hold in revolutionizing diabetes management in the future. Therefore, it is imperative to know about the potential vaccines and novel emerging treatment options for DM and to understand the challenges faced in making novel therapies. It is also needed to recognise the intricate relationship between diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease, an emerging entity known as type 3 diabetes. Literature search was done in PubMed database, and relevant articles were selected for the narrative review. The review reveals that currently, most vaccines that have been developed are in animal studies and early phases of trials. Only few human trials have been conducted, but, with positive outcome. There are also some novel therapeutics emerging as potential management options for diabetes. There are evidences to support that Alzheimer’s disease can rightly be called type 3 diabetes. In conclusion, there is a growing interest in the development of vaccines as a revolutionary approach to diabetes management. As our understanding of diabetes deepens and vaccine technology advances, the prospect of a diabetes vaccine becoming a reality offers hope for millions living with this condition and in reducing the burden of diabetes-related complications.
Kumar et al. (Sat,) studied this question.