This review identifies the structural evolution of layered double hydroxide (LDH)-based precursors and their subsequent transformation into interfacial active sites, offering a deterministic framework for the chemoselective upgrading of furfural into high-value pentanediols. Freshly prepared LDHs lack catalytic activity for this transformation; the active phases are mixed metal oxides (LDOs) or supported metal nanoparticles obtained after calcination and reduction. Furfural, a key platform molecule derived from lignocellulosic biomass, serves as a promising precursor for synthesizing valuable diols such as 1,2-pentanediol (1,2-PeD) and 1,5-pentanediol (1,5-PeD). However, industrial implementation faces challenges including deactivation under harsh operational conditions. We discuss the intrinsic advantages of LDHs, such as structural adaptability, balanced acid-base properties, and thermal stability, along with advanced synthesis techniques—including coprecipitation and hydrothermal methods—and associated reaction mechanisms. Engineered LDH-derived systems, such as those from NiFe-LDH and CuMgAl-LDH precursors, demonstrate remarkable diol selectivities (up to 73% for 1,2-PeD and 53% for 1,5-PeD) through synergistic metal-support interactions, carefully optimized reaction parameters (140–170 °C, 3–6 MPa H₂), and strategic solvent selection. Further enhancements via metal doping and composite fabrication allow precise modulation of electronic structures and stabilization of critical reaction intermediates. This review highlights the role of LDH-based catalysts in enabling sustainable and efficient biomass valorization, offering practical strategies to address industrial limitations in selectivity, catalyst durability, and process economics.
Xu et al. (Wed,) studied this question.
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