This paper studies the transition from fixed-route transit to microtransit in Annapolis, Maryland, and proposes a mixed-integer programming approach to improve real-time routing and scheduling. Using operational data, the approach increases the number of trips served while reducing vehicle miles traveled per trip, demonstrating improved efficiency. To address demand saturation, the paper also introduces a data-driven method for redesigning fixed routes using observed demand as a fallback strategy.
Rahman et al. (Wed,) studied this question.