This study deals with a circular economy model to manage biomass of Lavandula stoechas L. derived from the phytoremediation of soils with Pb, Zn and Tl metal(oid)s. The species showed high efficacy in phytostabilization, retaining 65% of the metals in the roots. Bioconcentration factors (BAF 0.4%; 0.93 g/mL) were obtained, whose chemical safety was guaranteed by the absence of heavy metals (ICP-MS). Subsequently, the residual biomass was recovered by pyrolysis at 600 °C, obtaining a biochar with a specific surface area (SSA) of 393.7 m2/g and an electrical conductivity of 35 S/cm. This performance can be attributed to the synergistic effect of the carbonaceous matrix and encapsulated metals, which act as natural dopants for supercapacitor electrodes. In conclusion, the work demonstrated the transition from hazardous waste to advanced industrial byproducts, integrating environmental remediation with the production of materials for energy storage under safety and sustainability criteria.
González-Morales et al. (Thu,) studied this question.
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