Design and Fabrication of Paper-based, Clutter-free, and Electronics-free Fiducial Markers for mmWave Radars

This article presents the design and fabrication of PolarVisor markers. PolarVisor 1 is a system design featuring cost-effective, electronics-free fiducial markers for millimeter-wave (mmWave) radars. MmWave radars are widely used sensing platforms in automotive, robotic, and augmented reality applications. They transmit radio-frequency (RF) signals, then infer the range and velocity information of objects in a certain environment by collecting and analyzing the reflected signals. Because wireless signals can still operate reliably under occlusions such as mist or smoke, mmWave radars have seen increasing deployment in robots and vehicles; this ensures robust operations when traditional optics-based sensing fails.