ABSTRACT: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the preferred treatment for large renal calculi. Fluoroscopic access conventionally requires iodinated contrast, which may precipitate anaphylaxis in sensitized individuals. We report two cases of contrast-induced anaphylaxis, in which air pyelography was successfully used to delineate the pelvicalyceal system and obtain safe renal access during PCNL.
Bhondave et al. (Mon,) studied this question.