interface. These improvements translate into enhanced device performance in HTL-free perovskite solar cells, achieving a power conversion efficiency of 11.55% and an open-circuit voltage of 1.04 V, compared to 9.41% for pristine MAPI. Moreover, PANI-modified films exhibit excellent thermal stability at 85°C for 48 h and strong photostability under continuous illumination. This work establishes polyaniline as a simple and scalable strategy for developing efficient and durable perovskite solar cells.
Nandigana et al. (Tue,) studied this question.