and MDA. The combination of Si + Al restored photosynthetic pigments and boosted the antioxidant defense system by decreasing oxidative stress markers. Al lessened photosynthesis, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance, while Si enhanced these traits. Leaf gas exchange traits maintained under Si + Al. Hence, Si is considered a promising approach for the mitigation of Al toxicity in lettuce by modulation of morpho-physiological and biochemical insights, focusing on sustainable production.
Cheng et al. (Tue,) studied this question.