Green spaces and health: The Locus amoenus in Horace’s poetry and its connection to mental and physical well-being

Horace, one of the most important Roman poets during the reign of Emperor Augustus, frequently intertwined the themes of nature and mental and physical wellbeing in his poetry. He employed the literary device of the Locus amoenus (Latin for 'pleasant place') to depict an idealised, peaceful natural setting complete with shady trees, green meadows, flowing water, and gentle breezes. This setting contrasts with the fast-paced life of Rome. Horace often presented the natural world as a remedy for the mental and physical ailments caused by urban life. This highlights his understanding of the importance of a green environment and nature-based urban planning in promoting a healthy lifestyle. Modern research supports this idea, demonstrating that urban green spaces have a positive impact on mental and physical health by providing stress relief and psychological relaxation, encouraging physical activity and stimulating social interaction. These findings emphasise the importance of preserving existing green spaces and incorporating more vegetation into urban areas to help maintain public health.