Mechanistic profiling of oxidative stress, cytokine responses, and NF-κB/TLR4 signaling induced by biomass-derived particulate organic extracts in a human lung epithelial-macrophage co-culture model.

Key Points

• To investigate the role of epithelial-macrophage crosstalk in amplifying inflammatory signaling from biomass-derived particulate extracts.
• Utilized a human lung epithelial-macrophage co-culture model to examine responses.
• Analyzed oxidative stress and cytokine release from co-cultured cells exposed to biomass-derived extracts.
• Source-dependent oxidative and inflammatory responses were observed.
• Epithelial-macrophage crosstalk significantly amplified inflammatory signaling.