The article is dedicated to the analysis of the problems of international legal and domestic regulation of user authentication in the context of countering cybercrime, anonymity, and artificial intelligence technologies. The approach taken by legislators in the Russian Federation is analyzed. Special attention is given to the transformation of threats, stating that traditional threats in the form of anonymity are replaced by threats arising from the use of artificial intelligence technologies. The subject of the study includes international legal and national norms regulating user authentication and the application of artificial intelligence technologies, as well as the associated threats and mechanisms for countering cybercrime. The aim of the research is a comprehensive study of international legal problems in countering cybercrime in the context of the development of artificial intelligence technologies and the formulation of proposals to improve user authentication mechanisms. The research methods used include formal-legal, comparative-legal, systemic-structural analysis and synthesis, as well as legal modeling. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the formation of a comprehensive international legal approach to the regulation of user authentication in the context of the development of artificial intelligence technologies, under which authentication is justified as an independent element of the mechanism for countering cybercrime; the transformation of the institution of anonymity under the influence of AI, which enhances the possibilities of concealing and simulating digital behavior, is identified; the use of the principle of proportionality as a key criterion for the admissibility of authentication procedures is proposed; and the potential for using the UN Convention against Cybercrime (Resolution 79/243) to develop additional international legal mechanisms, including setting limits on the use of AI for user identification purposes, is justified. As a result of the conducted research, it is established that the development of the digital environment and artificial intelligence technologies leads to a qualitative transformation of the nature of cyber threats, which in turn requires the adaptation of existing international legal mechanisms. It is substantiated that the current models of user authentication do not fully meet the requirements of proportionality and personal data protection, and do not sufficiently take into account the cross-border nature of digital threats. In this regard, the Convention 79/243 gains particular importance as it establishes an updated normative basis for international cooperation in the fight against cybercrime. The conclusion is made about the necessity for further development of international legal regulation, including the development of unified approaches to the legal status of artificial intelligence technologies.
Rodionov et al. (Sun,) studied this question.