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May 3, 2026Exploration of Foods and Foodomics0 citationsOpen Access

Green synthesis and characterization of La-doped ZnO nanoparticles using pineapple peel extract: a sustainable approach to improve functional properties

RHRabia Tasaduq Hussain NPNadheera Alwanee Pandi HAHamidah Abdullah

Key Points

The aim is to synthesize and characterize La-doped ZnO nanoparticles using pineapple peel extract to improve their photocatalytic efficiency.
Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized via a co-precipitation method using pineapple peel extract as a reducing and capping agent.
Characterization techniques included X-ray diffraction, FTIR, SEM-EDX, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and BET analysis.
The influence of La concentration from 1% to 3% on the properties of La-ZnONPs was evaluated.
Increasing La concentration from 1% to 3% led to an increase in crystallite size from 27.25 nm to 21.27 nm.
A decrease in bandgap values from 3.21 eV to 3.11 eV was observed with higher La doping.
Morphological transformations were noted after treatment, indicating changes in surface properties.

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study is to synthesize and characterize the more efficient photocatalyst zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) via the addition of dopant lanthanum (La) and pineapple peel extract. Pineapple peel as a green source consists of bioactive compounds that work as a capping agent and reducer for our La-doped ZnONPs (La-ZnONPs) and shield against the aggregation of nanoparticles. In addition, this study evaluates the influence of La doping on their structural and optical properties for photocatalytic applications. Methods: La-ZnONPs were modified and fabricated efficiently with the simple co-precipitation method with pineapple extract in this research work. The materials (La-ZnONPs) were thoroughly characterized by various spectroscopic techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), ultra-violet visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. Results: This study effectively demonstrates the effect of concentration of La dopant on the La-ZnONPs fabrication such as elevation of La concentration from 1% to 3% in ZnO results in an augmentation of crystallite size (from 27.25 to 21.27 nm), accompanied by a corresponding shift in bandgap values (3.21 to 3.11 eV) along with surface area, and induces a morphological transformation after treatment. Conclusions: It was concluded that combining La doping with a green synthesis route provides an environmentally sustainable pathway for producing ZnO-based nanomaterials with improved functional properties.

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