) was the predominant dicarboxylic acid, dicarbonyls (glyoxal and methylglyoxal) unexpectedly dominated the total mass (56%-76%), highlighting a vast reservoir of reactive precursors in nascent plumes. LWDC EFs exhibited a significant inverse correlation with modified combustion efficiency (MCE; p < 0.05), indicating that smoldering-dominated regimes enhance organic acid release through devolatilization. By integrating laboratory-derived EFs with satellite-constrained fire radiative power (FRP) data, we estimated China's annual primary LWDC emissions from BB from 2016 to 2024, which ranged from 9.9 to 15.3 Gg. Woody BB emerged as the primary contributor, accounting for 50%-57% of the national budget. A sharp trend in emissions observed post-2022 reflected the compounded impacts of climatic events and land-management practices. These findings provide critical experimental data for refining emission inventories and offer a scientific basis for targeted air quality mitigation strategies.
He et al. (Tue,) studied this question.