Introduction: Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Compared to men, women often experience a larger rise in systolic blood pressure (SBP) throughout life and an increased cardiovascular risk at lower SBP. Social factors are associated with blood pressure, but how educational attainment (EA) influences SBP remains unclear. We aimed to examine the association between EA and SBP trajectories in midlife women. Methods: We utilized data from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation, an ongoing cohort study with up to 27 years of follow-up. We used locally estimated scatterplot smoothing to plot SBP trajectories, according to levels of EA (≤ high school, > high school and high school and < college degree, and 4.0 mm Hg higher 95% CI: (2.7, 5.3), P <0.001 for those with ≤ high school degree in adjusted models. Overall, SBP increased by 5.8 mm Hg per 10 years 95% CI: (5.5, 6.1), P <0.001; however, interaction analysis demonstrated a similar rate of change in SBP across EA groups ( P =0.50). In separate mediation models, income accounted for 15.1% of the association between EA and baseline SBP 95% CI: (3.0, 27.2), P =0.01, BMI 27.2% 95% CI: (11.1, 43.4), P =0.001, and physical activity 8.6% 95% CI: (2.0, 15.3), P =0.01. Conclusion: In this longitudinal analysis of midlife women, EA was inversely associated with baseline SBP – partly through income, BMI, and physical activity -- but the rate of change was similar over time. These results suggest that the contribution of EA to SBP manifests early in life and persists throughout midlife. Interventions to control blood pressure in early adulthood are essential to reduce disparities in hypertension by EA.
Garfein et al. (Tue,) studied this question.