Evaluation of the Potential of Very-High-Resolution Satellite Imagery in Large-Scale Mapping

With the rapid and ongoing expansion of urban areas, the need for accurate, reliable, and regularly updated topographic maps has become increasingly critical for planning and sustainable development. While traditional aerial photogrammetry—whether analog or digital—has long been the standard for such tasks, it remains costly, time-consuming, and logistically demanding, particularly when large or inaccessible regions are involved. This study proposes an alternative approach based on very-high-resolution satellite imagery, focusing specifically on data acquired from Morocco’s Mohammed VI A and B satellites. The research evaluates the capacity of this satellite imagery to support large-scale topographic mapping, both in terms of geometric accuracy and the ability to identify essential urban features. To validate the results, we conducted a comparative analysis of satellite data with conventional photogrammetric imagery from analog cameras (RMK TOP) and digital sensors (ADS, DMC), using ground control points (GCPs) and differential GPS (DGPS) measurements for calibration and accuracy assessment. The outcomes demonstrate that planimetric accuracy from satellite imagery meets the required standards for mapping at 1:10,000 and 1:5000 scales. However, altimetric accuracy is closer to the upper permissible limits, especially in applications requiring finer detail. While major urban elements such as roads, buildings, and vegetation are well identified, smaller infrastructure components, such as power lines, remain challenging to detect. Despite these limitations, the study highlights the growing potential of satellite imagery as a cost-effective and operationally efficient alternative to traditional methods, particularly in rapidly evolving urban environments where frequent map updates are essential. Integration with GeoAI workflows is identified as a key direction for future research and is not part of the current methodology.